I don't think I've done a post of this type before, but basically I'm going to be practicing various types of verb conjugation that I've learned over the past month. I'll start by writing the standard dictionary form, then proceed from there with the originally-listed verbs in each form. I think that type of consistency will help make recalling these easier.
Plain Positive
食べる
読む
いる
走る
分かる
ある
買う
分ける
飲む
Plain Negative
食べない
読まない
いない
走らない
分からない
ない
買わない
分けない
飲まない
Polite Positive
食べます
読みます
います
走ります
分かります
あります
買います
分けます
飲みます
Polite Negative
食べません
読みません
いません
走りません
分かりません
ありません
買いません
分けません
飲みません
Desire Positive Present
食べたい
読みたい
いたい
走りたい
分かりたい
ありたい
買いたい
分けたい
飲みたい
Plain Volition
食べよう
読もう
いよう
走ろう
分かろう
あろう
買おう
分けよう
飲もう
Polite Volition
食べましょう
読みましょう
いましょう
走りましょう
分かりましょう
ありましょう
買いましょう
分けましょう
飲みましょう
I realize I left out the past and negative forms for "desire", but it's pretty much equivalent to adjective conjugation and I don't want to clog up the page even more with that.
I've got a few more non-verb lessons in the guide (and I've also started working my way through Genki alongside it), and then I'll be moving on to -te form, which is one of the most useful forms in the language.
Sunday, July 31, 2016
Thursday, July 28, 2016
Sentence Practice 7/28/2016
I'm going to practice using desire and volitional forms in verbs.
買い物に行こう。
Let's go shopping.
この本を読みたいですけど、難しいですよ。
I want to read this book, but it's difficult.
図書館で勉強しましょう。
Let's study at the library.
泳ぎたくなかったのに・・・
Even though he didn't want to go swimming...
今宵は、そのレストランで食べよう。
Tonight, let's eat at that restaurant.
アリスは私の家に行きたくない。
Alice doesn't want to come over to my house.
来年は、日本に行こう！
Next year, let's go to Japan!
明日はアヤトに会いたい。
I want to meet with Ayato tomorrow.
今朝は学校に歩こう。
Let's walk to school this morning.
テレビを見たいですが、ありませんですよ。
I want to watch TV, but we don't have one.
買い物に行こう。
Let's go shopping.
この本を読みたいですけど、難しいですよ。
I want to read this book, but it's difficult.
図書館で勉強しましょう。
Let's study at the library.
泳ぎたくなかったのに・・・
Even though he didn't want to go swimming...
今宵は、そのレストランで食べよう。
Tonight, let's eat at that restaurant.
アリスは私の家に行きたくない。
Alice doesn't want to come over to my house.
来年は、日本に行こう！
Next year, let's go to Japan!
明日はアヤトに会いたい。
I want to meet with Ayato tomorrow.
今朝は学校に歩こう。
Let's walk to school this morning.
テレビを見たいですが、ありませんですよ。
I want to watch TV, but we don't have one.
Wednesday, July 27, 2016
Notebook Correction 7/27/2016
I received an alternate correction on the notebook entry I made yesterday. It's kind of an overhaul (and therefore slightly discouraging), but I'll try to take it in stride and learn from it what I can.
Original:
ジョン： 学校に行きたくないよ。
レベッカ： なんで？
ジョン： スミス先生と授業はぜんぜん楽しいですから。
レベッカ： でも、いつも映画とかを見せる。
ジョン： うん、だけどとても退屈だよ。
レベッカ： たぶんそうだね。
Corrected:
ジョン「学校に行きたくないよ。」
レベッカ「えっ？なんで？」
ジョン「だってスミス先生の授業つまらないもん。」
レベッカ「でも、いつも映画とか見せてくれるじゃん？」
ジョン「うん、だけど退屈だよ。」
レベッカ「うん... 確かにそうだね。」
First, he added quotes to each line. Not particularly important to me since I don't really care how each line is formatted. Next, he added えっ to Rebecca's first line as kind of a "huh?" Fitting, and I originally debated adding that, but I left it out mostly because of laziness.
Next, he began Jon's second line with だって, which is kind of a colloquial "because." That also leads to the removal of the から at the end of the line. He also changed what should be ぜんぜん楽しくない to つまらない, which means "boring" as opposed to "not at all fun." Finally, he ended the sentence with もん. A dictionary tells me that もん can be used at the end of a sentence to indicate a reason or excuse, so that makes sense with Jon's explanation here.
In Rebecca's second line, he used my original 見せる, then conjugated it to the progressive form. That sentence is ended with じゃん, which is a contracted form of じゃない and says something like "isn't it?" So with those two changes in place, the sentence reads as "But he's always showing us movies and stuff, isn't he?"
With Jon's third line, he only removed the とても, so it's merely saying "yeah, but those are boring." I think とても comes off more as "very", so saying something like "yeah, but those are very boring" doesn't sound as natural.
Finally, the last line is completely changed to a different expression. 確か means "sure" or "definite", so this sentence sounds like a "yeah, I guess so, huh." That also sounds natural as a response to Jon's proclaimed boredom.
Despite that being a lot of changes, there's actually a number of useful grammar tips here, so I'm going to keep this post in mind for future reference.
Original:
ジョン： 学校に行きたくないよ。
レベッカ： なんで？
ジョン： スミス先生と授業はぜんぜん楽しいですから。
レベッカ： でも、いつも映画とかを見せる。
ジョン： うん、だけどとても退屈だよ。
レベッカ： たぶんそうだね。
Corrected:
ジョン「学校に行きたくないよ。」
レベッカ「えっ？なんで？」
ジョン「だってスミス先生の授業つまらないもん。」
レベッカ「でも、いつも映画とか見せてくれるじゃん？」
ジョン「うん、だけど退屈だよ。」
レベッカ「うん... 確かにそうだね。」
First, he added quotes to each line. Not particularly important to me since I don't really care how each line is formatted. Next, he added えっ to Rebecca's first line as kind of a "huh?" Fitting, and I originally debated adding that, but I left it out mostly because of laziness.
Next, he began Jon's second line with だって, which is kind of a colloquial "because." That also leads to the removal of the から at the end of the line. He also changed what should be ぜんぜん楽しくない to つまらない, which means "boring" as opposed to "not at all fun." Finally, he ended the sentence with もん. A dictionary tells me that もん can be used at the end of a sentence to indicate a reason or excuse, so that makes sense with Jon's explanation here.
In Rebecca's second line, he used my original 見せる, then conjugated it to the progressive form. That sentence is ended with じゃん, which is a contracted form of じゃない and says something like "isn't it?" So with those two changes in place, the sentence reads as "But he's always showing us movies and stuff, isn't he?"
With Jon's third line, he only removed the とても, so it's merely saying "yeah, but those are boring." I think とても comes off more as "very", so saying something like "yeah, but those are very boring" doesn't sound as natural.
Finally, the last line is completely changed to a different expression. 確か means "sure" or "definite", so this sentence sounds like a "yeah, I guess so, huh." That also sounds natural as a response to Jon's proclaimed boredom.
Despite that being a lot of changes, there's actually a number of useful grammar tips here, so I'm going to keep this post in mind for future reference.
Tuesday, July 26, 2016
Notebook Correction 7/26/2016
In this notebook entry, I wrote a casual dialogue between two friends.
Original:
ジョン： 学校に行きたくないよ。
レベッカ： なんで？
ジョン： スミス先生と授業はぜんぜん楽しいですから。
レベッカ： でも、いつも映画とかを見せる。
ジョン： うん、だけどとても退屈だよ。
レベッカ： たぶんそうだね。
Corrected:
ジョン： 学校に行きたくないよ。
レベッカ： なんで？
ジョン： スミス先生との授業はぜんぜん楽しいですくないから。
レベッカ： でも、いつも映画とかを見せる。観てるんだよね？
ジョン： うん、だけどとても退屈だよ。
レベッカ： たぶんそうだね。
For the first correction, I was initially trying to say "Smith-sensei and his class aren't fun", but it probably makes more sense to say "Smith sensei's class isn't fun" instead.
Next is changing 楽しい to its negative form, 楽しくない. I wrote it in its original form because I was trying to say "not at all fun", but it looks like I also have to conjugate the adjective to the negative if I want to achieve that. Basically, double negatives don't apply here.
The last correction is more complex. In dictionaries, I see 観る listed under the same entry as 見る as if they mean the same thing. It is then conjugated to progressive form with て plus いる at the end. In casual Japanese, the い in いる is often dropped, leaving the verb as 観てる in this case. I was trying to say "he shows us movies", but it was corrected to say something like "we're always watching movies." That makes sense, too.
Anyway, I'm pretty happy with how this one turned out. I was more confident writing it, and I only looked up one or two words. I'll give an English translation of the corrected version.
Jon: I don't want to go to school.
Rebecca: How come?
Jon: Because Mr. Smith's class isn't fun at all.
Rebecca: But we're always watching movies and stuff.
Jon: Yeah, but they're really boring.
Rebecca: I guess so.
Original:
ジョン： 学校に行きたくないよ。
レベッカ： なんで？
ジョン： スミス先生と授業はぜんぜん楽しいですから。
レベッカ： でも、いつも映画とかを見せる。
ジョン： うん、だけどとても退屈だよ。
レベッカ： たぶんそうだね。
Corrected:
ジョン： 学校に行きたくないよ。
レベッカ： なんで？
ジョン： スミス先生との授業はぜんぜん楽しいですくないから。
レベッカ： でも、いつも映画とかを見せる。観てるんだよね？
ジョン： うん、だけどとても退屈だよ。
レベッカ： たぶんそうだね。
For the first correction, I was initially trying to say "Smith-sensei and his class aren't fun", but it probably makes more sense to say "Smith sensei's class isn't fun" instead.
Next is changing 楽しい to its negative form, 楽しくない. I wrote it in its original form because I was trying to say "not at all fun", but it looks like I also have to conjugate the adjective to the negative if I want to achieve that. Basically, double negatives don't apply here.
The last correction is more complex. In dictionaries, I see 観る listed under the same entry as 見る as if they mean the same thing. It is then conjugated to progressive form with て plus いる at the end. In casual Japanese, the い in いる is often dropped, leaving the verb as 観てる in this case. I was trying to say "he shows us movies", but it was corrected to say something like "we're always watching movies." That makes sense, too.
Anyway, I'm pretty happy with how this one turned out. I was more confident writing it, and I only looked up one or two words. I'll give an English translation of the corrected version.
Jon: I don't want to go to school.
Rebecca: How come?
Jon: Because Mr. Smith's class isn't fun at all.
Rebecca: But we're always watching movies and stuff.
Jon: Yeah, but they're really boring.
Rebecca: I guess so.
Sunday, July 24, 2016
Sentence Practice 7/24/2016
I'm going to practice sentences containing each verb form that I've recently learned, using positive and negative conjugations of godan and ichidan verbs.
Plain Form
私は野菜やご飯を食べる。
I eat vegetables and rice.
アリスは店に走る。
Alice runs to the store.
リーさんはテレビを見ない。
Lee-san does not watch TV.
ジョンは学校に行かない。
John does not go to school.
Polite Form
毎日君は仕事に歩きます。
Every day you walk to work.
男の人は車を直します。
The man fixes the car.
君のお兄さんは話しません。
Your older brother doesn't speak to you.
トムは池で泳ぎません。
Tom doesn't swim at the pond.
State of Being
ライトは家の近くにいる。
Laito is near the house.
アヤトは肉やの後ろにいます。
Ayato is behind the butcher.
パンは机のうえにある。
The bread is on top of the desk.
食べ物がありません。
There is no food.
Desire Form
凄い話をかきたいです。
I want to write an amazing story.
その本は読みたくないですよ。
I don't want to read that book.
私は買い物に行きたかった。
I wanted to go shopping.
家に歩きたくなかった。
I didn't want to walk home.
Volitional Form
ホラー映画を見よう。
Let's watch a horror movie.
その皿を買おう。
Let's buy those plates.
授業を始めましょう。
Let's begin class.
数学を勉強しましょう。
Let's study math.
Plain Form
私は野菜やご飯を食べる。
I eat vegetables and rice.
アリスは店に走る。
Alice runs to the store.
リーさんはテレビを見ない。
Lee-san does not watch TV.
ジョンは学校に行かない。
John does not go to school.
Polite Form
毎日君は仕事に歩きます。
Every day you walk to work.
男の人は車を直します。
The man fixes the car.
君のお兄さんは話しません。
Your older brother doesn't speak to you.
トムは池で泳ぎません。
Tom doesn't swim at the pond.
State of Being
ライトは家の近くにいる。
Laito is near the house.
アヤトは肉やの後ろにいます。
Ayato is behind the butcher.
パンは机のうえにある。
The bread is on top of the desk.
食べ物がありません。
There is no food.
Desire Form
凄い話をかきたいです。
I want to write an amazing story.
その本は読みたくないですよ。
I don't want to read that book.
私は買い物に行きたかった。
I wanted to go shopping.
家に歩きたくなかった。
I didn't want to walk home.
Volitional Form
ホラー映画を見よう。
Let's watch a horror movie.
その皿を買おう。
Let's buy those plates.
授業を始めましょう。
Let's begin class.
数学を勉強しましょう。
Let's study math.
Saturday, July 23, 2016
Verbs - Conveying Desire
I've been using this particular form for a bit now, but it always helps to make a formal post on here about it. In order to say something like "I want to swim" or "I want to go home", I have to conjugate the verb appropriately. It's very simple - take the verb stem and add たい onto it. That's it.
私は泳ぎたい。
I want to swim.
アリスは家に行きたい。
Alice wants to go home.
In this form I can treat the words as i-adjectives, so they can be further conjugated to convey negative and past tense.
私は泳ぎたくない。
I don't want to swim.
私は泳ぎたかった。
I wanted to swim.
私は泳ぎたくなかった。
I didn't want to swim.
Next is something that Tae Kim refers to as volitional form. This is essentially saying "let's do x", depending on what the verb is.
For ichidan verbs, the rule is to drop the る and add よう. For godan verbs, the rule is to replace the う sound with the お equivalent and add う, which effectively prolongs the お.
Of course, there are the usual exceptions. する becomes しよう and くる becomes こよう.
ゲームをやろう。
Let's play a game.
買い物に行こう。
Let's go shopping.
少し話そうか？
Shall we chat a little?
There's also a polite version of the volitional form, which is even easier. Simply attaching ましょう to the verb stem achieves a polite version of "let's do x."
そのレストランで食べましょう。
Let's eat at that restaurant.
映画を見ましょう。
Let's watch a movie.
英語を勉強しましょうか？
Shall we study English?
Credit goes to Tae Kim's lesson seen here.
私は泳ぎたい。
I want to swim.
アリスは家に行きたい。
Alice wants to go home.
In this form I can treat the words as i-adjectives, so they can be further conjugated to convey negative and past tense.
私は泳ぎたくない。
I don't want to swim.
私は泳ぎたかった。
I wanted to swim.
私は泳ぎたくなかった。
I didn't want to swim.
Next is something that Tae Kim refers to as volitional form. This is essentially saying "let's do x", depending on what the verb is.
For ichidan verbs, the rule is to drop the る and add よう. For godan verbs, the rule is to replace the う sound with the お equivalent and add う, which effectively prolongs the お.
Of course, there are the usual exceptions. する becomes しよう and くる becomes こよう.
ゲームをやろう。
Let's play a game.
買い物に行こう。
Let's go shopping.
少し話そうか？
Shall we chat a little?
There's also a polite version of the volitional form, which is even easier. Simply attaching ましょう to the verb stem achieves a polite version of "let's do x."
そのレストランで食べましょう。
Let's eat at that restaurant.
映画を見ましょう。
Let's watch a movie.
英語を勉強しましょうか？
Shall we study English?
Credit goes to Tae Kim's lesson seen here.
Friday, July 22, 2016
Notebook Correction 7/22/2016
I'm going to post another round of notebook corrections, after getting feedback on Italki.
Original:
食べ物は冷蔵庫にありませんでしたので、食品店で買いに行きました。 帰りしな、アリスと会いましたので、いささ喋りました。 先だっては彼女のお父さんが死にました。 悲しかったですが、元気づけに試みました。 有用だったは期待します。
Corrected:
食べ物が冷蔵庫にありませんでしたので、食品店に買いに行きました。 帰りしな、アリスに会いましたので、少し喋りました。 先日彼女のお父さんが亡くなりました。 悲しかったですが、元気づけにお酒を飲みました。 彼女の気がまぎれた気がします。
First is the particle change from は to が, which makes sense because I'm trying to say "food is the thing that did not exist in the refrigerator." Next, I completely forgot the に to say "I went to shop at the grocery store. For saying "I met Alice", I should've used the に again instead of と, since と is kind of like saying "I met with her."
The next round of edits are related to better-suited words than what I used. I was trying to say "we chatted a little", so 少し fits well there. 先日 works well to say "the other day" since I'm trying to convey that her father died recently. I believe that 亡くなりました is a more polite way of saying he died, kind of like "he passed away."
Finally, my last couple sentences were a bit more complex so I had trouble conveying myself. I attempted to say "I tried to cheer her up", but it came out mangled, so it was corrected to something more like "I had a drink with her to try to cheer her up."
Important lessons learned here: choose your particles wisely, 少し can be used for non-physical amounts, and 亡くなる can be used as a more polite version of "to die."
Original:
食べ物は冷蔵庫にありませんでしたので、食品店で買いに行きました。 帰りしな、アリスと会いましたので、いささ喋りました。 先だっては彼女のお父さんが死にました。 悲しかったですが、元気づけに試みました。 有用だったは期待します。
Corrected:
食べ物が冷蔵庫にありませんでしたので、食品店に買いに行きました。 帰りしな、アリスに会いましたので、少し喋りました。 先日彼女のお父さんが亡くなりました。 悲しかったですが、元気づけにお酒を飲みました。 彼女の気がまぎれた気がします。
First is the particle change from は to が, which makes sense because I'm trying to say "food is the thing that did not exist in the refrigerator." Next, I completely forgot the に to say "I went to shop at the grocery store. For saying "I met Alice", I should've used the に again instead of と, since と is kind of like saying "I met with her."
The next round of edits are related to better-suited words than what I used. I was trying to say "we chatted a little", so 少し fits well there. 先日 works well to say "the other day" since I'm trying to convey that her father died recently. I believe that 亡くなりました is a more polite way of saying he died, kind of like "he passed away."
Finally, my last couple sentences were a bit more complex so I had trouble conveying myself. I attempted to say "I tried to cheer her up", but it came out mangled, so it was corrected to something more like "I had a drink with her to try to cheer her up."
Important lessons learned here: choose your particles wisely, 少し can be used for non-physical amounts, and 亡くなる can be used as a more polite version of "to die."
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