Tuesday, May 2, 2017

Expressing "Without doing"

To express the notion of "doing X without doing Y", the verb's plain negative form (ない) plus で is used. The present tense negative form is always used, regardless of the tense of the second verb.

今朝、計算機を使わないで、数学の宿題したよ。
This morning, I did my math homework without using a calculator.

昨日迷わないで学校に歩く。
Yesterday, I walked to school without getting lost.

パンツを汚さないで台所の床をそうじした。
I cleaned the kitchen floor without getting my pants dirty.

部長を怒らせないで仕事を辞めれたよ。
I was able to quit my job without angering my boss.

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